Tat The Trona Capitol Of The World - 773 Words

William Bradley Mr. Leavitt Economic 12-16-2016 Tata Green River, Sweetwater County,Wyoming is the trona capitol of the world. Trona is used for many things all over the world. Tata began making soda ash in 1968. Every year, Tata mines 4.5 million tons of trona. Tata employs many people in various jobs, in their plant and mines. It is one of the biggest employers in Green River,Wyoming. The trona that they mine and process, is sent by truck ,train or shipped all over the world. There are five plants mining and processing trona in Green River. Productions Materials The trona is mined from underground. People and equipment get in the mine from a hoist that takes them down 1,600 feet to the mine. They are taken to the front of the mine where they remove the trona and send it to the surface. They use railroad cars, trucks, and boats to send it to buyers all over the world. Processing: On the surface, the plant converts trona ore to soda ash. They use a multi step cleaning process. The trona ore is first crushed and screened to prepare for processing. A kiln heats the crushed trona to drive off gases. This process changes ore to sodium carbonate. It is combined with water and filtered to remove pollution. The water is taken out, which forms a soda ash crystal slurry. Than it is put into a machine to remove the rest of the water. Then they are sent to round dryers. The dried product is stored in bins, until shipped by trucks or rail cars.

Dorian Gray Moral Responsibility Essay - 1350 Words

In The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde, it tells of a mans gradual downfall from innocence to corruption. Even the name of the main character in Oscar Wildes tale, Dorian Gray, is very symbolic because ‘gray is the combination of black and white, of good and evil. In many ways, Dorian Gray is the epitome of mankind. Dorian Gray, an innocent and naà ¯ve man, becomes corrupted after having one conversation with Lord Henry Wotton. He shows how easily people can become swayed and changed merely by the words of others. Society plays such an enormous role in the lives of people. As said by Thomas Babington, The measure of a mans character is what he would do if he knew he never would be found out. How much of how we act is influenced†¦show more content†¦You will suffer horribly.... Ah! realize your youth while you have it. Dont squander the gold of your days, listening to the tedious, trying to improve the hopeless failure, or giving away your life to the ignorant, t he common, and the vulgar. These are the sickly aims, the false ideals, of our age. Live! Live the wonderful life that is in you! Let nothing be lost upon you. Be always searching for new sensations. Be afraid of nothing. . . . A new Hedonism-- that is what our century wants. Through him, Dorian faces the harsh realization that his physical attributes are ever fading. Upon this sudden insight, he dreads the physical burden of aging. He envies the perpetual beauty of Basils masterpiece. As Dorian says, If it were only the other way! If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old! For that - for that - I would give everything! Yes, there is nothing in the whole world I would not give! I would give my soul for that! The materialization of this wish and the metamorphosis it will ensue are to bring his demise. Dorians figure remains immaculate while the picture bears his abhorrent transformation. This is first confirmed following his amorous relationship wi th Sibyl Vane, an actress he meets at an infamous theatre. Like him, she is characterized by an entrancing beauty and a youthful naivety. Mesmerized by one another, they promptly exchange vows of fidelity. Dorian invites Henry and Basil toShow MoreRelatedThe Picture of Dorian Grey, by Oscar Wilde771 Words   |  4 Pagesaesthetic life? Is it better to seek a moral lifestyle following society’s moral standards? With ideal appearances and superficial beauty, a decorated life can seem easier and more luxurious than a moral life. Leading a moral life is not as appealing to most people; and is filled with hardships and trouble over â€Å"doing the right thing†. One quality cannot be held without losing the other, due to their conflicting natures. While the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray brings out the central question â€Å"IsRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde1060 Words   |  5 PagesPicture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde is a philosophical/gothic ficti on. Setting: The novel takes place in the peak of the Decadent artistic movement of the 1890s, which occurred in the Victorian era of London and is known for its judgmental social standards, highlighting the contrast between the wealthier, materialistic higher classes and the dull middle-class society, making the novel more audacious. Plot: A famous artist named Basil Hallward completes his first portrait of Dorian Gray: a wealthyRead MoreOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1544 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing a part of some sort of controversy. At the height of Oscar Wilde’s career is where he found himself in just that. Although Wilde’s novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray is praised today, in the late 1800s it was seen by others as a negative shift in society and literature. In the film â€Å"Wilde†, after the release of The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde’s wife Constance and his mother Jane have a conversation in regards to the novel that gives insight to how the public responded to it. In response toRead MoreA Treatise Of Human Nature1562 Words   |  7 PagesIn the third instalment of his famous thesis; A Treatise of Human Nature; Of Morals, David Hume determines that morality is a character trait approved independently of social conventions. He goes on to conclude that morals cannot be d erived from reason when reason is inert, and can neither prevent nor produce action or affection. Hamlet (1602), Frankenstein (1823) and The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) are all consumed by the innate passion that Hume defines as ‘morality’, yet pivot around the socialRead MoreImportance of Affirmation: Perceived Value Effect1680 Words   |  7 Pagesdesperately search for affirmation from the world. The extreme emotional behaviors lead to a lack of regard for moral code, poor treatment of others, and harm to the child. Societal flaws are paralleled in literature to act as foils of society. This concept is reflected in characters that represent caricatures of humanity in the novels Wuthering Heights, The White Tiger, and The Picture of Dorian Gray. In Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff is abused as a child and, consequently, as an adult, he acts primarilyRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1423 Words   |  6 Pagesshallow and callow minded individuals,† said by Michael Bassey Johnson. Johnson’s quotation notes in order to be moral, you must remove yourself from negative surroundings and trifling individuals. This reading of the quotation relates to Oscar Wilde’s book, The Picture of Dorian Gray, since the association of negative influences from individuals seems to be the downfall of Dorian Gray. Dorian Gray is a character that was misguided throughout his adulthood because of his surroundings and affiliation withRead MoreArtists and Their Muses in Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray and Woolfs To the Lighthouse1067 Words   |  5 Pages Both Oscar Wilde and Virginia Woolf’s novels depict the image of an artist and their muse. Within The Picture of Dorian Gray, Basil Hallward is inspired by Dorian Gray to create his greatest work of art. While in To the Lighthouse, Lily Briscoe finds her inspiration through Mrs. Ramsay and through her art she is able to blossom into her own woman. Briscoe grows through her art while Hallward is killed because of his masterpiece. The fates of the two artists differ so vastly because of how each artistRead MoreExamples Of Aestheticism In The Picture Of Dorian Gray1284 Words   |  6 Pagesideas about the importance of art in a series of dialogues and essays, and incorporated themes of duplicity, beauty and decadence. He incorporated all these vital characteristics that define the supremacy of art into his only novel The Picture of Dorian gray written in 1890. This novel bore the true essence of what an aesthetic literature brought to the table. The strong themes of beauty, narcissism, and self-deifying were vividly illustrated in the novel. The novel is also an example of gothic fictionRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray1416 Words   |  6 PagesOsca r Wilde’s novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, chronicles the transformation of Dorian Gray from an naive youth to a corrupted monster. The simplicity of the storyline contrasts the complexity of Dorian Gray; specifically, the cause of his corruption. The cursed portrait, and characters such as Lord Henry and Basil, play a significant role in the Dorian’s journey to pernicity, but neither of three can be held entirely responsible. Dorian Gray’s initial innocence conceals an inner evil within him;Read MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray And Atlas Shrugged By Ayn Rand1463 Words   |  6 Pagespattern, The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde and Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand have vital characters who act differently than society hopes and expects. In The Picture of Dorian Gray, Dorian Gray and Lord Henry Wotton are the main characters who represent the struggle of the individual versus society, each in their own way. Lord Henry’s philosophy is very self-centered, w ith his own pleasures being central to all aspects of his life. This belief system rubs off on Dorian early in the novel and

Cambodians Under Pol Pot Free Essays

Cambodians Under Pol Pot Cambodia, a small country just west of Vietnam, gained independence after nearly 100 years of French rule. They first faced the problem of Communism during the Vietnamese Civil War. They remained neutral by contributing equally to North and South Vietnam. We will write a custom essay sample on Cambodians Under Pol Pot or any similar topic only for you Order Now North Vietnam was a Communist country while South Vietnam was advised by the U. S. The Khmer Rouge, a group of Communist rebels, was led by Pol Pot. They soon took over Cambodia, killing hundreds of thousands of people. They transformed the country into a Communist society. The people of Cambodia rebelled because of the harsh dictatorship. Within days of the Khmer Rouge taking over, changes were made. New policies were created stating that the entire population should become a collective federation of farmers. All educated people (doctors, lawyers, teachers, and scientists) were murdered. Schools, factories, and hospitals were shut down. Any and all kinds of political rights were eliminated as well. The people of Cambodia were purposely placed in working camps as far away from their homes as possible, working for extremely long hours and receiving minimal rations. Racism was also a problem. All Chinese, Vietnamese, and Thai’s were murdered. Certain religions were also not acceptable such as Christianity and Muslim. The children of Cambodia were indoctrinated causing them to become extremely brainwashed and almost everyone was a victim of torture as well. There was very little involvement by the U. S. to stop the genocide in Cambodia. This was because the United States was already involved in the Vietnam War and they were facing many social and political pressures. The only reason they were involved was to stop the spread of communism. Finally, the Vietnamese invaded and overthrew the Khmer Rouge. They immediately installed a less repressive government but this didn’t stop the fighting. They only wanted to take over Cambodia so that their Communist society would grow. The Vietnamese eventually withdrew and Cambodia adopted a democratic constitution which held free elections. The economy and society of Cambodia has never truly recovered from the genocide. Although Cambodia has made many attempts to change its economy, it is still based mainly upon agricultural development because Pol Pot’s policies destroyed their foreign aid and all of Cambodia’s educated professionals were killed. How to cite Cambodians Under Pol Pot, Essay examples

Conquer Through Character free essay sample

On all fours, I fell to the ground. My legs were exasperated to the point where I felt a strange tingling sensation, and they became numb. The sun’s gaze scorched my skin, and the touch of turf smoldered my forearms and lacerated the palms of my hands; they were a crimson red left with the fresh imprint of ground rubber. My chest was constricted by the pads on my shoulders, as though it could no longer sustain my lungs from bursting and pouring out. The blood in my head was pulsating through my temples at a pace faster than I had ever felt, and the sweat of my brow slowly edged down the cheek of my face. I thought I was going to die. Looking back on this experience, I wondered why I ever joined football. I am not the biggest or the most athletic person, so I do not receive a lot of playing time. We will write a custom essay sample on Conquer Through Character or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My friends would all ask me why I did not just quit, and spend more time hanging out with friends. I would usually just shrug them off and make up some joke; however, now I am actually wondering why I stayed in football. One thing I do know is that I did not stay in football for myself, but rather for my teammates. In fact, I rarely referred to them as my ‘teammates,’ but rather as my ‘brothers.’ The reason I refer to them as brothers is because of the bonds we created. We all endured the same heat, and we all endured the same pain I described earlier. One team, one heartbeat. I wanted to be a part of something larger than myself. This program was not for everyone, as that only those who possessed true devotion and commitment could go through it. In my freshman year of high school, there were about a hundred freshman football players, all thinking they were the next big thing. However, now there are only about twenty seniors left in our class, with only a bout ten of them going through the program for the entire four years. Because of football, I am now a much more passionate and persistent person who will not back down from any challenge presented before me, no matter how great or small. I can now go through life with a sense of optimism, knowing that whatever life throws my way, I can rise above it and conquer it. My character has ascended to new levels, and I can now accomplish anything I set my mind to.

The Great Bridge the Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge Essay Example

The Great Bridge: the Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge Paper THE GREAT BRIDGE: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE AN NTCP ANALYSIS OF THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE PROJECT EM – 612 B Group D Luigi Ballarinni David DeBorja Matthew Gelmetti Jonathon Lum? TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary3 2. Background4 3. Statement of Problem5 4. Project NTCP Analysis7 5. Project Approach11 6. Conclusion16 7. References19 ? EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The goal of the Brooklyn Bridge was to allow people to cross the East River without waiting for a ferry, which at the time was the only way to travel to from Brooklyn to Manhattan. The new bridge would allow people to walk, ride a carriage, and even ride the rail, so people and goods could easily travel from one side to the other. This project made groundbreaking revelations; this included using engineering techniques which had not been used in the type of scale to their extent. Two types of engineering practices were the use of caissons for the foundation and a suspension bridge system, both of which had been limited in use before the Brooklyn Bridge. The way in which Roebling approached the Brooklyn Bridge was a critical component of the management project; he had a vision in mind before being granted the project and executed the project according to his elaborate plan. Although the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge was incredibly successful, the approach taken had left the very little room for error for the designers. Much of the success lies in the fact that the Roeblings had gotten most of the characterization correct. However, without any contingencies, the plan lacked much flexibility to adjust to any major setbacks to the project. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Bridge: the Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Bridge: the Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Bridge: the Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Brooklyn Bridge has progressed history in more ways than just one: even though it was one of the greatest marvels of the 19th century, it seems to have driven us to now always push the limits of engineering to its physical bounds and even past them. The following NTCP chart displays the categorization of the project, and the approach that the Roeblings had taken (shown in red): ? BACKGROUND In the early 1800’s, Brooklyn and New York (Manhattan) were considered two separate cities. Even though they were just separated by a mile of water, the amount of trade which could be done between the two cities was severely limited. Their location along the eastern seaboard and the accessibility of their ports through the East River, made these two cities among the most prosperous in the United States. The East River prevented the two cities from utilizing the advantage of their proximity to each other. This was mostly due to the fact that the most common route from Brooklyn to New York was to take a ferry across the East River. Many problems were arising from the situation of only having ferries to get across the East River. This was resulting in long queues, overcrowded waterways, and dangerous conditions among others. In particular, the long queues seemed to be the largest problem; just one mile of water was stopping people from transporting anything whether it be their car or their time perishable cargo across to New York or Brooklyn. To have another way across, would allow for people to cross the East River without waiting as long. Business for these merchants would be easier with a method to cross the East River that did not involve ferries. It was often said that taking a train to Albany was faster and easier than trying to cross the river. The detrimental effects of not having any way across the East River except for the ferry climaxed in the winter of 1866-1867. Being that this was an extremely cold winter, much of the East River had frozen over leaving most traffic between New York and Brooklyn at a standstill because the ferries were not able to get across. This prompted the New York Bridge company to charter a project which would allow people to get from one city to the other in a time effective method that was not by ferry. They eventually decided to pick a chief engineer, John A. Roebling, who was famous for his wire rope suspension bridges.? STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The impending plans for the Brooklyn Bridge were seemingly daunting for its day and age. For one, it stood to become the longest bridge in the world, reaching over 50% longer than any bridge before it. The Brooklyn Bridge was also set to be built on the East River, one of the busiest waterways in the world. These were just some of the many issues that lay ahead of the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge. The first problem that was to be encountered by the designers of the bridge was the East River itself. The East River, unlike the name suggests is not so much a river, but more like a salt water estuary. This meant that unlike a river, the East River faced tidal conditions similar to most bodies of water connected to the ocean; these tidal conditions also contributed to the high levels of turbulence that existed in the waters. The East River also had not been fully explored to its depths. The sandy bottom prevented the designers from knowing how deep they would need to dig to reach ground solid enough to build a foundation to hold up the massive structures required for the bridge. The East River was also one of the busiest waterways in the world. This was the waterway that provided the lifeblood of two the busiest commercial ports in the world. Because of the traffic that would flow through the East River, any bridge that would span it, would need to ensure that the span reached high enough to avoid even the tallest sails of the largest ships. In fact, the legislation that authorized the construction of the bridge stipulated that the bridge must not â€Å"obstruct, impair, or injuriously modify† the navigation of the river. Finally, we have to consider the bridge itself. The impending Brooklyn Bridge would easily surpass all existing bridges in terms of length. With the requirement of the bridge not impairing water traffic, the bridge span must be much higher than many other bridges. Building a bridge of this length and height would require the use of a suspension bridge architecture. However, at the time, the suspension bridge concept was a relatively new architecture and had never been tested on a large scale. This architecture also would require two towers to support the structure and would require the construction of a foundation deep beneath the East River, using caissons. Caissons have been used to build structures underwater, however many of the uses were on a much smaller scale, and in much shallower waters. The design and construction of the Brooklyn Bridge obviously faced enormous hurdles and public skepticism before it was to be completed, therefore the proper design and approach must be taken in order to ensure the bridge is constructed successfully. PROJECT NTCP ANALYSIS In order to understand how the Roeblings’ approach fit the project, we must first analyze the project on its own merit. Because of the enormously complex task at hand, it would help to have an organized method to analyze the project, therefore an NTCP analysis was performed on the project. An NTCP analysis is a technique used to characterize projects. This characterization is formed from a basis of 4 key criteria, which form the anagram that the analysis is named after. While many projects may have inherent differences depending on the objective of the task, the resources available, and the complexity of the project; by analyzing a project using the NTCP technique, a project manager may find that many similarities do exist between projects which are seemingly unrelated. By analyzing projects with similar NTCP profiles we can find that many of the projects encounter the same types of problems and require a similar managerial approach. The first component of the NTCP analysis is Novelty. Novelty is used to describe the relative familiarity of the product to the developers and customers. Novelty is broken into three main categories, labeled: Derivative, Platform, and Breakthrough. Derivative projects are defined by projects that extend or improve existing products, such as a next year iteration of an existing project. Platform projects create a new generation or significant improvement over existing products, such as the development of a new aircraft. Breakthrough projects introduce never before seen products or new to the world products, such as the creation of the computer. The Brooklyn Bridge project introduced a number of new breakthroughs in construction technology that influence the industry even to this day. Considered by many to be one of the greatest engineering feats of the 19th century and a marvel of construction, the Brooklyn Bridge ushered in the era of the modern-day suspension bridge. This bridge created a new concept that introduced the framework for building the modern-day suspension bridge, capable of crossing incredible distances. However, for all the incredible accomplishments and breakthroughs, it was still a bridge, and designers and builders have built bridges before, and therefore have some experience and familiarity with the project. Based on this, we can classify this project as a Platform project. Technology is the second component, which makes the T of the NTCP analysis. The four categories that make up the Technology component are: Low Tech, Medium Tech, High Tech, and Ultra-High Tech. Low Tech projects involve the use of existing, well established technologies. Medium Tech projects use many existing technologies with a few new developments. High Tech projects use many new or recently developed technologies, and possibly a few new technologies. Ultra-High Tech projects generally must develop new technologies as the basic technologies do not yet exist to accomplish the task. The Brooklyn Bridge project had accomplished a number of technological breakthroughs by the time of its completion. One such development was the use of caissons. This was not the first ever use of caissons, in fact caissons had been in use for at least a generation, originating in Europe. The most advanced use of caissons at the time had been the Royal Albert bridge, where Brunel had lowered a caisson over 70 feet to build the foundation for the railroad bridge. However, John Roebling’s plan for the caissons were much larger than anything previously done, and were going to be dropped at least 30 feet deeper than the caissons used in Brunel’s project. The use of steel as a construction material was also a major technological development, as projects mainly used Iron at the time. The suspension bridge itself was a technological achievement as the bridge pushed the limits of construction and architecture; at the time of completion, the towers that support the bridge were the tallest free-standing structure in North America. While there was a significant number of breakthroughs for the Brooklyn Bridge project, the project still relied on many tried and true techniques, which would make this project a High Tech project. Figure 1: The design plan for one of the supporting towers for the bridge Complexity makes up the C component of the NTCP analysis. Complexity is a difficult category to encapsulate, as scale alone cannot completely determine the complexity of a project. â€Å"A very large, and expensive project in one industry say construction might be less complex than a smaller project in another industry, such as biotechnology† (reinventing PM, p102). Therefore we have to base complexity on a number of factors such as cost, scale, number of functions and components, and complexity of the organization and relationships between components. Complexity can also be related to the complexity of both the product and the process used to develop the product. The three categories that compose the complexity of a project are: Assembly, System, and Array. Assembly projects are composed of a collection of components that combine to form a single unit with a single function of a limited scale. System projects are a complex collection of components and subsystems, which can perform multiple functions. Array products are comprised of a wide collection of systems or networks which work together to achieve a common objective. The Brooklyn Bridge project contained a number of components which in themselves can be considered systems or subsystems. The bridge required a foundation and tower component which were being built in an incredibly difficult terrain (over 100 feet underwater). The total length of the bridge was 3,460 feet, including 1,595 feet 6 inches between the two towers. The cable and anchoring system was to be much stronger than anything of its day, and were to be constructed using steel, the first time steel was to be used during a major construction project. After taking all factors into account, this project can be categorized as a System Project. Finally we reach the Pace of the project. The Pace of a project is fairly simple concept to determine, yet it may have far reaching consequence when it comes to execution of the project. The four categories the make up the Pace component are: Regular, Fast/Competitive, Time-Critical, and Blitz. For a Regular program, time is not an important factor in the success of a project. Fast/Competitive projects exist when the success of a project is not dependent on the project completing on time; however, timely completion of the project will have a significant impact to the organization’s competitive advantage and/or bottom line. Time-Critical projects are ones where the success of a project is dependent on completion of the project by a certain time; a delay in completion can mean project failure. Blitz projects are generally projects run during a crisis. Blitz projects often do not have a structured organization, rather decisions are made as quickly as possible to deal with the situation at hand. While the Brooklyn Bridge project was clearly not a Blitz or Time-Critical project, the fact that congress originally provided 3 years to build the bridge, showed a level of urgency desired by the legislating government. Add in the merchants and citizens who stood to benefit from a simple mode of transportation across the East River without having to wait for a ferry; and there was clearly a desire for the bridge to be worked on at a fast pace, resulting in a classification of Fast/Competitive. From the analysis given, the Brooklyn Bridge project could be classified with the following NTCP chart: Figure 2: NTCP diagram of Brooklyn Bridge project ? PROJECT APPROACH For John Roebling, the Brooklyn Bridge project did not begin with approval of the project. In fact, Roebling had been planning a crossing of the East River as early as 1857, when he began making drawings detailing the towers the bridge would require. By 1867, when the New York state legislature had chartered the New York Bridge company to proceed with the construction of the project, Roebling had already devised much of the plans for his bridge. To help in understanding the workings of using a caisson, Washington Roebling, had set out to study caissons being used in Europe for over a year, as well as to pay a visit to the ongoing Eads Bridge crossing the Mississippi, where James Eads was using caissons to build his bridge. Skeptics opposed the idea of the Brooklyn Bridge’s suspension design by linking it to the vibrational effects from wind that destroyed the deck of the Wheeling Bridge on the Ohio River (Great Bridge p33). However, Roebling was involved only in the repair by using auxiliary stay cables. Thus, this design feature was also incorporated into the future design of the Brooklyn Bridge. To help alleviate public skepticism and ensure the legitimacy of the design, John Roebling hired a panel of seven consultants to approve of the work he was set to perform. John Roebling stated: â€Å"In view of ‘the magnitude of the undertaking and the large interests connected therewith’, it was ‘only right’ that his plans be ‘subjected to the careful scrutiny’ of a board of experts† (GREAT BRIDGE, p25). However, it was never Roebling’s intention to listen to the advice of the experts he had chosen, rather, he had only intended to convince these men that his design would work. To do this, Roebling emphasized the suspension bridge would be built 6 times as strong as needed. Demonstrating his point, he claimed the design of the bridge would be of such that if the four main cables were to break, the bridge would sag, but not break. This way, the span of the bridge would be designed strong enough to hold its own weight without breaking, a very impressive feat for a suspension bridge. Thus John Roebling achieved the objective of his expert consultant group: to use their reputation and status to convince any remaining skeptics that his bridge was stable and proceed forward with the plan. Another characteristic of the approach taken by John Roebling, was that although he had his name attached to the project, he was hardly the face of the project. This task, he left to his eldest son, Washington, with whom he confided much of the plan, still kept secret from the rest of the world. Had it not been for Washington Roebling’s excellent education, and desire to follow in his father’s footsteps, the plans for the Brooklyn Bridge might have been in trouble when in 1869, as the construction of the bridge was set to begin, John Roebling was involved in a freak accident, that crushed his toes at the pier he was surveying for the project. The toes were amputated but rather than seeking medical assistance, he refused to listen to his doctors’ advice, which some say may have prevented him from developing the fatal bout with tetanus. John Roebling’s death had left the stakeholders of the bridge in a quandary about how the bridge was going to proceed. However, John Roebling had long desired for his son Washington to take over the project at some point, and had discussed this issue with William Kingsley on a number of occasions. In fact, Roebling had initially suggested that Washington be in charge of the project from the start, but that was deemed unacceptable. Because the detailed designs were kept secret except for John and Washington Roebling, it was easier to pass along the lead of the project from father to son because Washington knew what ideas were going to be implemented in the project. This also prevented someone completely new who did not understand what John was doing and would want to change the ideas. With a clear line of succession, the choice was obvious: Washington Roebling would be allowed to continued the project after his father’s death, taking on the role of Chief Engineer. At this point, much of the project planning was done. This included how the design was going to be carried out for the caissons, towers, wires, and actual roadways. Also, requirements needed to be closely considered in order to make sure that stakeholders were satisfied. Construction started on land where the caissons were built. These large wooden boxes had to be the width and thickness the towers were going to be. They were then floated into position and weighted down until they reached the sandy river bottom. Compressed air was inserted into the caissons keeping the water out as they dug deeper. Figure 3: Cross-section of caisson containing muck holes, shafts for people, and pipes where air pressure was pumped in. Due to the compressed air within in the caisson, the workers were limited to 2 hour shifts before the effects of the â€Å"Caisson’s Disease† began appearing. Special chambers called airlocks were developed and helped prevent the negative effects from forming when the finished worker would ascend too rapidly. However, over the length of the project, about 27 workers died from working in the caissons. Digging deeper inside the caissons was extremely slow. The best performance was 6 inches a week (Sheong). Although the Brooklyn tower’s caisson eventually reached bedrock at 44 feet, the Manhattan tower’s caisson continued to go deeper. When the Manhattan tower caisson had reached a depth of 78 feet, and bedrock was still not found, Roebling recalculated whether the tower structure would be able to meet the strength requirements and made the decision to stop digging at this point. The increased weight of the tower was to hold the caisson in place. This delayed the project because there was no way of knowing how deep the bedrock on the Manhattan side was and if 78 feet was stable enough to hold the tower. The next part of the project which needed to be done once the caissons were in place was fill them in and complete the towers. Right before this, a fire broke out in one of the caissons Washington Roebling was inside of. From the rapid ascension, Washington suffered gravely from the â€Å"bends† and left him paralyzed for the rest of his life. From his apartment in Brooklyn Heights, Roebling oversaw construction through a telescope while his wife, Emily Roebling, coordinated the construction at the site under his direction. Once the caissons were filled with concrete, the towers started to be built. The entire project was supposed to only take 3 years, however once the towers were finished being constructed, it was already 1876, more than 6 years since Washington had sustained his injury. Initially, John Roebling had designed the bridge to be six times as strong as required. However, as the installation of the wire rope was in progress, it was discovered that some of the wire was a substituted material, not steel. This made it have an inferior quality and was discovered when one of the steel cables snapped. This was supplied by contractor J. Lloyd Haigh. As a result, the bridge was only 4 times as strong as required and was allowed to stand with additional 250 cables. In 1880, Haigh was convicted of fraud and jailed; however, his steel cables could not be replaced because it had already been placed in throughout the bridge which was standing. Figure 4: Wrapping cables in protection. The New York Polytechnic Society devoted several lectures at â€Å"Cooper Union devoted exclusively to the supposed engineering fallacies of the Roebling plan† (Great Bridge p28). To an even greater extent, concern arose that the bridge would interfere with traffic to and from the Navy yard. Thus, Chief of Army Engineers, A. A. Humphrey’s â€Å"decided to appoint his own review panel to give an opinion about it, irrespective of the conclusions reached by Roebling’s consultants† (Great Bridge, p28). â€Å"When it opened on May 24, 1883 the world took notice and the entire United States celebrated. And the bridge, with its majestic stone towers and graceful steel cables, isnt just a beautiful New York City landmark, its also a very dependable route for many thousands of daily commuters† (http://history1800s. bout. com/od/bridgebuilding/a/brooklynbrid01. htm). However, while there was much public celebration, there was also just much public skepticism. People were both afraid of whether the bridge would be stable enough for people to come across. Even a week after the opening on May 30th, 1883, a public stampede caused by a false panic that the bridge was collapsing caused the death of 12 people and injuries to many others. In order to put this stigma to rest, Roebling hired the â€Å"great showman Phineas T. Barnum to lead a parade of 21 elephants, including the famous Jumbo, across the bridge a year later, in May 1884† (1800s, strollers on bridge, pg11). This proved the stability of the Brooklyn bridge and was no longer feared that it was unstable. ? CONCLUSION Based on the tasks and design used by the Roeblings, we can attempt to classify an NTCP approach the Roeblings used to manage their project. The Roeblings performed an incredible amount of research on previous generations of the product, and John Roebling was considered by many to be one of the premier bridge engineers of the day. Washington Roebling spent a year abroad in Europe studying the use of caissons, and visited a recent project using caissons at depths similar to that planned for the bridge. John Roebling had also performed a fantastic job of marketing the product, proclaiming the bridge to be a transformative marvel for the world to see. By the time the bridge had opened, the entire world was watching, and there had been such a buildup, the President made it a point to be among the first travelers to cross the bridge. This incredible amount of research and marketing is key for a project introducing a novel concept. However, the Roeblings also had a strict design, which had been frozen at the beginning of the construction process. They had not communicated their plans with anyone besides themselves and therefore took serious risk in the case that both engineers had become disabled, as was the case. Luckily for Washington Roebling, while he suffered severe injuries, they had not been grave enough to prevent him from continuing the project with the help of his wife, Emily. John Roebling had also brought on a panel of technical experts to assess his project; however he never intended to listen to any consultation. Rather, than use their expertise to assess the practicality of his project, his only objective was convincing a skeptical public to allow the project to proceed. Although the Roeblings performed many of the requirements of managing a Platform project, they had also managed the project with many characteristics of a Derivative project, therefore it would be best to classify the Roeblings’ approach a Derivative-Platform approach. Ideally, in order to better fit with the project, the Roeblings should have been more flexible, ensuring that the level of project uncertainty was at a minimal level, before freezing the design plan. They also should have communicated their plans with a committee who could have provided additional perspective that might have noticed any possible flaws that may have existed in the plans. With most projects that contain the level of technological accomplishment of the Brooklyn Bridge project, it was imperative that the designers take the right approach to the match the technical uncertainty of project. The Brooklyn Bridge project required the use of a High Tech technological approach, based on the level of technical achievement and technical uncertainty surrounding the task. A High Tech technical approach would have required flexibility in planning to deal with uncertainty, prototypes and considerable development and testing integrated into the project plans, and frequent communication to the project teams on multiple levels. However, the approach the Roeblings had taken was much different. Instead, the Roeblings had a very rigid design plan, feeling that adherence to the very intricate plan was essential to the success of the project. They had not developed any prototypes, although granted, budget limitations probably would have made a prototype an impossibility. The Roeblings also did not follow a very open communication plan, deciding instead to keep the engineering plan close to the vest. Much of this can be attributed to the engineering culture of the time, as many engineers were very competitive, and most engineers had the mentality of protecting the secrets of their process, rather than helping to promote the science and art of engineering. Because of these characteristics of their project, the Roebling’s approach would need to be classified as Medium Tech. Incredibly, the project encountered relatively few setbacks, none of which were significant enough to derail the project. However, if we were to improve this process, we would certainly have introduced contingencies to allow some flexibility in the design plan, as well as improve the level of communication from the design team to the construction team. The Brooklyn Bridge was an incredibly complex construction project for its time, and based on our NTCP analysis, given a rating of System-level complexity. A System project usually involves complex planning, with a contractor chosen to operate the project. Characteristics of these projects often include a tight level of control, and a significant level of documentation. The Roeblings had indeed operated the project as a complex project with a System level of complexity. They maintained tight control of the project, and created intricate plans for a complex building process. An organization, the New York Bridge Company, was created for the sole purpose of building the Brooklyn Bridge. This allowed for many of the less exciting, non-engineering related tasks to be delegated to someone other than the Roeblings, who surely would have bristled at the thought of worrying about obtaining funding, filing paperwork for the expenditures of the project, or any other tedious task not directly related to the building of the bridge. The pace of a project is an important determinant in the performance of a project plan. As a Fast/Competitive project, the plan is geared with a focus towards accomplishing the objective as soon as possible, as delays can cause a loss of competitive advantage or loss of revenue for the organization. Fast/Competitive projects are often run with a strong level of coordination with subcontractors, and clear, structured plans to ensure the tasks are organized and run efficiently. However, Fast/Competitive projects are not entirely dependent on meeting a deadline, and although great measures are performed to ensure the completion of a project as soon as possible, delays in the project schedule does not immediately cause project failure. Surely the Roeblings followed a structured plan to organize the tasks and ensured that the process stayed on track, yet were aware of the delays that might occur based on the nature of the task, therefore they followed a Fast/Competitive approach. Figure 5: NTCP diagram of project and the approach taken (shown in red) By analyzing the NTCP characterization of both the project and the approach taken by the Roeblings, we can see that there are some discrepancies between the two. While it seems the Roeblings had properly understood the Complexity and Pace of the project, it seems as though they had underestimated the Technology and Novelty of the project. Luckily enough for them the decisions they made and the project proceeded without any major setbacks, and they ended up with one of the engineering marvels of the 19th century. REFERENCES David G. McCullough, The great bridge: the epic story of the building of the Brooklyn Bridge, Simon and Schuster, 2001 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge http://history1800s. bout. com/od/bridgebuilding/a/brooklynbrid01. htm http://history1800s. about. com/od/bridgebuilding/ig/Images-of-the-Brooklyn-Bridge/Brooklyn-Bridge-s-Caisson. htm http://www. endex. com/gf/buildings/bbridge/bbridgefacts. htm http://www. racontours. com/archive/caissons. php http://www. civilengineergroup. com/building-brooklyn-bridge. html http://www. eyewitnesstohistory. com/brooklynbridge. htm http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=VvG6DSTej4 U http://scheong. wordpress. com/2010/09/21/the-story-of-the-brooklyn-bridge-a-roebling-family-production/

buy custom International Job Research Paper essay

buy custom International Job Research Paper essay Citizens of the developed countries seek opportunities in the foreign countries due to the rising unemployment rate in their home countries. Areas that require expertise in the foreign countries provide opportunities for foreign citizens. Moving to work abroad requires adequate preparation to ensure that the international experience is smooth. The current paper seeks to explain the steps that I will take to learn, prepare for and begin my international experience. There exist a great number of employment opportunities in Thailand. Therefore, I would choose to teach English in Thailand. It is so because Thailand adopted teaching English as the second language in secondary schools and universities (Delgado Boncheva, 2012). English is used as a business language in Thailand; hence, there is a need for teaching students to prepare them in early stages. This provides an opportunity for foreign teachers. Teaching English in Thailand will be a great experience for me. Thais are friendly, and the country is safe. I will consider full time employment in Thailand. Thailand uses Thai baht as its currency. Thai baht is in denominations of one, two, five and ten as coins, and notes from denominations of twenty and above. There are several banks that have exchange bureaus where travelers' checks can be exchanged. There are many automated teller machines around the country. Major credit cards such as visa and master card are acceptable in many outlets. This makes transactions to and from home easier. When moving to Thailand I will be required to obtain a visa from the embassy of Thailand in the United States. My stay in Thailand will last for more than a year, so there are several important vaccines that I need to take before departure. These vaccines include Hepatitis A, which is administered two weeks before travelling and Typhoid vaccine that is administered orally and which is taken at intervals. Japanese encephalitis vaccine is importat because most of the activities to be undertaken will take place outdoor. Hepatitis B vaccine should also be given to those travelers who have not received it recently. Tetanus-diphtheria vaccine will also be important for travelers who have not received it in the last ten years. Travelers that were born after 1956 should get the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. It cannot be administered if blood tests confirm immunity. Also, one should consider getting yellow fever vaccine. There exist potential road blocks to this opportunity. It will be necessary for me to learn the Thai language in a bid to acquire better communication skills. There are various concerns that I have regarding this opportunity. Some information about the visa to Thailand is unclear. It is not clear what kind of visa I should take to avoid border issues. Housing is another big concern in Thailand. Foreigners pay double the price paid by natives. I should also take various tests in English as a foreign language to qualify for this opportunity. The teaching profession is not well-paid in Thailand, considering that English is used as the second language. Thailand has an American embassy; making it possible for United States citizen to be well represented in Thailand. The American embassy is located in the Bangkok city. It is the third largest American embassy in the world. It has various functions to aid the American citizens and advancing United States interest in Thailand and neighboring countries in South-East Asia. The United States of America also has its presence in a consular office located in ChingMai. This consular office serves American citizens in a section referred to as American citizen service that is charged with a task of helping expatriates and issuance of emergency visas to citizens in Thailand and neighboring South-East Asian countries. The basic language in Thailand is the Thai language. Thailand is a stronghold for Buddhism. A Large number of people in Thailand are Buddhist (Willliams Ladwig, 2012). Wai is the formal way of greeting. A person will raise his/her hands with the palms held together, then touch the head and in between the chest and bow his/her head. Young people are the first to give the Wai. It can be done while standing or seated. An elder then receives the wai by bowing their heads. Respect is shown by how low the head is bowed. Young people should bow when giving wai to elders who are seated. Thais have strong family ties compared to western countries. Learning how to communicate in Thai will be crucial in this experience. It will be useful when communicating with locals who have no knowledge of English. Thailand is a land with a deep heritage and it observes Buddhist religions and culture. In a bid to relate well with these cultures, I have to understand them better (Williams Ladwig, 2012). The learning process should be slow and effective. Thais have different etiquettes in their daily activities. Dining etiquette is very important to understand. I should observe time, though being late for a few minutes is not considered to be bad. On table manners, Thais use a fork and a spoon as their main utensils. Spoons and forks are not used only when eating noodles; they use chopsticks. It is advisable to remove your shoes if your host is barefoot (Ting-Toomey, 2012). When served with food, you should leave a little on the plate to show that you are full. However, for rice, which they consider as their daily bread, leaving it on the plate is viewed as wasteful. One is prohibited from licking fingers after meals as it is considered as bad manners. To earn respect from Thais, one has to show a lot of respect to them. It is a long process, but it is a worthwhile experience. Thais judge people on their dressing. Thus, it is very important to ensure that every time I am in well-polished shoes. Conservative attire is highly encouraged; men should wear dark colored suits. There exist some resources that help people to pursue their experience in Thailand. Buy custom International Job Research Paper essay

Academic analytics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic analytics - Essay Example adley review acknowledges that benchmarking activities such as student engagement serve as indicators for gauging the institution’s quality (Commonwealth Government of Australia, 2008). Increased competition, accreditation, assessment and regulation are the major factors encouraging the adoption of academic analytics in institutions of higher learning. Although institutions of higher learning gather a lot of vital data that can significantly aid in solving problems like attrition and retention, the collected data is not being analysed adequately and hence translated into useful data (Goldstein, 2005.) Subsequently, higher education leadership are forced to make critical and vital decisions based on inadequate information that could be achieved by properly utilising and analysing the available data (Norris, Leonard, & strategic Initiatives Inc., 2008). This gives rise to strategic problems. This setback also depicts itself at the tactical level. Learning and teaching at institutions of higher education if often a diverse and complex experience. Each and every teacher, student or course is quite different. However, LMS is tasked with taking care of them all. LMS is a t the centre of academic analytics. It records each and every student and staff’s information and results in a click within the system. When this crucial information is added, compared and contrasted with different enterprise information systems provides the institution with a vast array of useful information that can be harvested to gain a competitive edge (Dawson & McWilliam, 2008; Goldstein, 2005; Heathcoate & Dawson, 2005). In order to retrieve meaningful information from institution sources i.e. LMS, the information has to be correctly interpreted against a basis of educational efficiency, and this action requires thorough analysis from people with learning and teaching skills. Therefore, a collaborative approach is required from both the people guarding the data and those who will interpret